Forming concrete piles and preparatory piles therefor.



PATENTED JAN. 10, 1905.

' c. SHUMAN. FORMING CONCRETE PILESAND PRBPARATORY PILES THEREFOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR.12, 1904.

UNITED STATES Patented January 10, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

CONSTANTINE SHUMAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO FRANK SHUMAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FORMING CONCRETE PILES AND PREPARATORY PILES THEREFOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 779,881, dated January 10, 1905. Application filed April 12, 1904. Serial No. 202,876.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CoNsTANTINE SHUMAN, a

citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invent-ed certain Improvements in Forming Concrete Piles and in Preparatory Piles Therefor, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that method of forming concrete piles which consists in forming an opening in the ground by means of a preparatory pile, which opening is then filled with the mass of concrete constituting the per manent pile.

The object of my present invention is to provide for the filling in of the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed during the driving of the preparatory pile, so that the opening may be filled with the concrete as fast as it is formed and the caving in of the walls of the opening thereby prevented if said opening is being formed in unstable ground.

The preparatory pile. is so constructed as to occupy but a small portion of the area of the opening formed thereby in the ground, and when the concrete has been filled in around the preparatory pile the latter may, if desired, be permitted to remain embedded in the concrete for the purpose of stifiening and strengthening the pile, or the preparatory pile may be provided with a detachable point or shoe, and after an opening of the proper depth has been formed and the concrete has been filled in around the pile and above the shoe said pile may be withdrawn, leaving the detachable shoe or point in the bottom of the opening to serve as a foundation for the concrete pile, and during or after such withdrawal of the preparatory pile the concrete while still in a plastic state may be rammed, so as to fill the space formerly occupied by thepreparatory pile, and thus form a solid mass of concrete, or an additional supply of concrete may be introduced into said space.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view representing the first step in the formation of a concrete pile in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view after the driving of the preparatory pile has been completed and the concrete has been 5 filled in around the same. Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the solidified concrete pile after the preparatory pile has been withdrawn and the space occupied by the same has been filled with concrete. Fig. 4 is asectional plan view of the preparatory pile, and Fig. 5 is a similar view illustrating a modified form of said preparatory pile.

The preparatory pile shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4 consists of three angle-bars riveted together so as to form a column 1, having three radiating and equidistant flanges, although in carrying out my invention the number and disposition of these flanges may be varied as desired, and the construction of the column 5 may also be variedthat is to say, instead of being composed of angle-bars bolted or riveted together it may be composed of plates with suitable tie bars or angles, so long as the flanges of the columns are disposed verti- 7 cally and the structure has no projecting parts which would interfere with its free vertical withdrawal from a mass of concrete surrounding it.

The preparatory pile has at its upper end a suitable driving-head 2 and at its lower end a detachable point or shoe which may in sectional plan present any desired shape, this being dependent upon the desired crosssectional form of the concrete pile to be produced. In the present instance the detachable point or shoe 3 is of circular cross-section and tapers to a point at its lowerend, so that it can be readily driven into the ground, the top of the point being recessed or slotted 5 for the reception of the lower end of the flanged pile 1, as shown in Fig. I, the pile,

however, being detachable from the point if been properly applied to the same, as shown in Fig. lsaid hopper may be filled with concrete, which surrounds the pile 1 and rests upon the top of the point 3, as also shown in said figure. The preparatory pile is then driven in any suitable manner, and as it descends the concrete is fed from the hopper 4 into the opening formed by the point of the pile, so that when the driving operation has been completed and an opening of the required depth has been produced said opening will be filled with a mass of concrete which surrounds the flanged pile 1 and rests upon the top of the point 2, as shown in Fig. 2. By this means the formation of the concrete pile keeps pace with the gradual deepening of the opening for its reception, and the walls of said opening are properly supported and prevented from caving in if the pile is being formed in soft or unstable ground.

If the pile is being formed in hard. or firm ground, the driving of the preparatory pile may be completed before filling in the concrete of which the permanent pileis to be composed.

If it is desired to stiffen or strengthen the concrete pile by providing it with a metallic core or embedded brace, the preparatory pile may be permitted to remain; but in most cases the preparatory pile will be detached from the point or shoe 3 and withdrawn from the mass of concrete, which may then be rammed or tamped, and being still in a plastic state will fill up the space formerly occupied by the preparatory pile and will thus produce a solid pile of concrete resting upon the point 3, as shown in Fig. 3, this mass being then permitted to set, so as to constitute the permanent pile.

While I prefer in carrying out my invention to use the flanged preparatory pile because of the limited amount of space which it occupies in proportion to its strength and rigidity, other forms of preparatory pile may be used. For instance, in Fig. 2 I have shown a cylindrical preparatory pile of much less diameter than the point 3, so that the concrete can be filled in around the same either during or after the driving operation, and this preparatory pile also can either be permitted to remain within the concrete pile or it can be withdrawn and the opening thereby formed can be filled with concrete either by introducing an additional supply from the top or by ramming or tamping the surrounding mass, so as to cause it to fill the central space.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in driving a preparatory pile which does not fill the opening formed thereby, and filling the opening around said pile with the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed.

2. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in driving a preparatory pile which does not fill the opening formed thereby, and, as said pile is being driven, filling the opening around the same with the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed, whereby the formation of the latter keeps pace with the formation of the opening for its reception.

3. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in preparing a point or shoe of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile, driving said point or shoe into the ground by means of a preparatory pile of less cross-sectional area than the same, and filling the space between said preparatory pile and the walls of the opening with the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed.

4:. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in preparing a point or shoe of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile, driving said point or shoe into the ground by means of a preparatory pile of less cross-sectional area than the same, and, as the pile is being driven, filling the space around the same with the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed, whereby the formation of said pile keeps pace with the formation of the opening for its reception.

5. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in driving into the ground a preparatory pile which does not fill the opening formed thereby, introducing, into the opening around the same, the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed, and then withdrawing said pre paratory pile.

6. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in driving into the ground a preparatory pile which does not fill the opening formed thereby, introducing, into the opening around the same, the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed, then withdrawing said preparatory pile, and then filling with concrete the space formerly occupied by the same.

7. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in driving into the ground a preparatory pile which does not fill the opening formed thereby, and, as said pileis being driven, introducing, into the opening around the pile, the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed, and then withdrawing the preparatory pile.

8. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in driving into the ground a preparatory pile which does not [ill the opening formed thereby, and, as said pile is being driven, introducing, into the opening around the pile, the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed, then withdrawing the preparatory pile, and then filling with concrete the space formerly occupied by the same.

9. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in preparing a point of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile, then engaging with said point a preparatory pile of less cross-sectional area than the point, then driving the point into the ground by means of said preparatory pile, introducing into the opening around the preparatory pile the concrete of Which the permanent pile is to be composed, and then Withdrawing said preparatory pile Without the point.

10. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in preparing a point of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile, then engaging With said point a preparatory pile of less cross-sectional area than the point, then driving the point into the ground by means of said preparatory pile, introducing into the opening around the preparatory pile the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed, then Withdrawing said preparatory pile Without the point, and then filling With concrete the space formerly occupied by said preparatory pile.

11. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in preparing a point of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile, then engaging With said point a preparatory pile of less cross-sectional area than the same, then driving said point into the ground by means of said preparatory pile, and, as it is being driven, introducing into the opening around the preparatory pile the concrete of which the permanent pile is to be composed, so that the formation of said concrete pile keeps pace With the formation of the opening for its reception, and then Withdrawing the preparatory pile Without the point.

12. The mode herein described of forming concrete piles, said mode consisting in preparing a point of the same cross-sectional size and then driving said point into the ground by means of said preparatory pile, and, as it is being driven, introducing into the opening around the preparatory pile the concrete of Which the permanent pile is to be composed,

so that the formation of said concrete pile keeps pace With the formation of the opening for its reception, then Withdrawing the preparatory pile Without the point, and then filling with concrete the-space formerly occupied by said preparatory pile.

13. A preparatory pile for forming concrete piling, said preparatory pile consisting of a flanged column having a point of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile.

1 1. A preparatory pile for forming concrete piling, said preparatory pile consisting of a flanged column having a detachable point of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile.

15. A preparatory pile for forming-concrete piling, said preparatory pile consisting of a flanged column composed of angle-bars secured together, and provided with a point of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile.

16. A preparatory pile for forming concrete piling, said preparatory pile consisting of a flanged column composed of angle-bars secured together, and provided with a detachable point of the same cross-sectional size and shape as those of the desired permanent pile.

In testimony WhereofI have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

GONSTANTINE SHUMAN. Witnesses:

J AMES MoMoRRIs, J os. H. KLEIN. 

